Archives of Pharmacal Research is an interdisciplinary journal devoted to the publication of original scientific research papers that aim to develop new drugs in the fields of medicinal chemistry, natural products, pharmacology, toxicology, pharmaceutics, microbiology, and basic biomedical sciences.

The journal specifically aims to enhance scientific understanding in the fields. Thus, technical reports that document pharmacological and toxicological observations will not be generally accepted in the journal.

Manuscripts will be considered for publication on the condition that the results reported are based on original research that has not been published elsewhere in any journal.

Upon acceptance for publication of an article in Archives of Pharmacal Research, the author tacitly agrees to make available any materials used in the published experiments, or novel or natural products disclosed in the article that are not commercially available, so that other researchers may confirm the observations.

In addition, natural product contribution must meet the following specific criteria: a) any natural extract must be defined, and appropriate information provided regarding the origin; and b) the author must be able to state that the material under study is endotoxin free. Please note that studies with crude extract and on chemical structures will not be accepted.

Archives of Pharmacal Research considers manuscripts for publication in the following types of papers:

Research Articles : These are full-length descriptions of research that describe original and important pieces of work in detail from the fields covered by the Journal. Maximum length of manuscripts should not exceed 6,000 words (24 typescript pages) excluding figures and tables. These manuscripts will undergo standard review and normally are not expedited.

Invited Reviews. Invited review should be a review article written on the current topic of a specific interest within the scope of Archives of Pharmacal Research. Authors wishing to submit a review article should send a short synopsis to Editor-in-Chief regarding content and length prior to submission. Please note that invited reviews will be subjected to appropriate evaluation process.

Submission of a manuscript to Archives of Pharmacal Research implies that the manuscript has not been published previously and is not currently under consideration for publication elsewhere. Manuscript must be submitted through the Springer online submission website (http://www.editorialmanager.com/arpr). Please visit the Springer site and create your account to access to the site. Authors should submit the text, tables and artworks in electronic form via this web-based manuscript submission system.

Authors must include a cover letter that contains the title, authors, a brief outline of the work¡¯s originality, desired section of publication, corresponding author¡¯s name, address, telephone and fax numbers (including country and city codes), and e-mail address.

A panel of, at least, two independent referees whose names are not normally disclosed to authors will evaluate all of submitted manuscripts. Authors will be informed of the reviewer's comments.

Authors are basically responsible for the factual accuracy of their papers. One set of proofs will be supplied for the author to check for typesetting accuracy, to be returned to the publisher within 3 days of receipt. No changes to the original manuscript will be allowed at this stage. In addition, the editors reserve the right to make any necessary correction to a paper prior to publication.

All authors must sign the ¡®Transfer of Copyright¡¯ agreement to before the article can be published. This transfer agreement enables the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea to protect the copyrighted material for the authors, but does not relinquish the author¡¯s proprietary rights.

Fee of US $ 20 per printed page will be charged to the authors upon the acceptance of the manuscript on the form accompanying the proofs. Note that payment is not a condition of publication: articles can be accepted or rejected on their merit alone.

reprints of each accepted paper will be supplied to the corresponding author at no cost. Additional reprints will be available by ordering on the reprint order form.

Manuscripts should be concisely written in English and typed double-spaced throughout on A-4 paper with margins of at least 3.0 cm. All pages should be numbered in succession, the title page being page 1.

Each manuscript must have a title page, which includes only the title, the authors¡¯ names with their affiliation, a running title of not more than 50 characters including spaces, and mailing address, which includes telephone and Fax numbers and e-mail address of the corresponding author.

The title should be as short as is consistent with clarity. Tables and figures should be on separate pages placed at the end of the manuscript.

Abbreviation. The excessive use of abbreviations in the text is strongly discouraged. Authors should only use abbreviations sparingly and should always define an abbreviation when first used by placing it in parentheses after the full term, e.g. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE). The metric system for all measurements should be expressed in lowercase letters without periods (ml, nm, min, etc.).

Chemical Structures. CS ChemDraw Ultra (version 5.0 or later) will be our primary illustration software for illustration of chemical structures. Therefore, authors are strongly recommended to use the software and to save their structures in ACS format for manuscript submission. A detailed setting for the illustration software would be as follows; Chain angle (120), Bond spacing (18% of length), Fixed length (0.508 cm), Bold width (0.071 cm), Line width (0.021 cm), Margin width (0.056 cm), and Hash spacing (0.088 cm).

Drug names. Drug names should be the official or approved names; trade names or common names may be given in brackets where the drug is first mentioned. The manufacturer¡¯s name and address must be given. The doses of the drugs should be given as unit weight/unit body weight, e.g. mmol/kg or mg/kg. Concentration should be given in terms of molarity (e.g., nM or mM), or as unit weight/unit volume solution (e.g., mg/l) stating whether the weight refers to the salt or the active component of the drug.

Each manuscript must begin with an ABSTRACT that summarizes the results obtained and the conclusion drawn. It should not exceed 200 words. A short list of six keywords or phrases should be supplied following the abstract.

INTRODUCTION. An introduction should first begin with general aspect for a non-specialist and then continue with the specific reason for undertaking the investigation. No attempt should be made to indicate the results obtained.

MATERIALS AND METHODS.  Procedures used in the work should be given in sufficient detail to permit the repetition by other researchers. Nevertheless, published procedures should be briefly summarized by mentioning the reference(s) and only described in detail if the procedures have been modified.

RESULTS. In this section, only observations should be described without discussion of their significance.

DISCUSSION.  The authors¡¯ interpretations of their observations (or findings) should be accompanied by an assessment of their significance in relation to previous work.

REFERENCES.  Only papers closely related to the author¡¯s work should be cited. References should be assembled alphabetically. Follow the Harvard format. That is, references are referred by name and year. When referring to more than one paper from a same author from a same year, the alphabets a, b, c, etc. should be placed next to the year of publication to distinguish the articles.

In the text, when referring to a work by sole author, the name of author should be given like (Robinson, 1998) and (Robinson, 1999; Jeong, 2000). When referring to a work by two authors, the name of authors should be given like (Robinson and Jeong, 2001). When referring to a work by more than three authors, the name of the first author should be given followed by et al. such as (Robinson et al., 2002). Literature references must consist of names and initials of all authors, title of the paper referred to, abbreviated title of the journal and the volume, year, and first and last page numbers of the paper. The style and punctuation of the references should confirm with the following examples:

Journals:
Lai, Y. -L., Mehta, R. C., Thacker, A. A., Yoo, S. -D., MacNamara, P. J., and DeLuca, P. P., Sustained bron-chodilation with isoproterenol poly(glycolidecolactide) microspheres.
Arch. Pharm. Res., 10, 119-125 (1993).

Books:
Azria, M., The Calctionins: Physiology and Pharmacology. Karger, London, (1989).
Borchartdt, R. T., Hidalgo, I. J., Hillgren, K. M. and Hu., M., Pharmaceutical applications of cell culture: An Overview, In Wilson, G., Davis, S.S., Illum,L. and Zweibaum, A. (Eds.).
Pharmaceutical Application of Cell and Tissue Culture to Drug Transport. Plenum Press, New York, pp. 1-14, (1991).

Journal names should be abbreviated in accordance with Chemical Abstracts or Biological Abstracts List of Serials.

Tables.  Each table should be placed on a separate page and numbered in one consecutive series of Roman numerals in the order cited in the text.
Tables should be formatted with horizontal lines only: vertical ruled lines are not required. Column heading should be kept as brief as possible and should indicate units of measurements. Any annotation to headings or to tabulated items must be identified by superscript lowercase italic letters, a, b, c, etc. and added in sequence at the foot of the table.

Figures and Schemes.  A list of figure and scheme legends must be submitted on a separate page to accompany the figures and schemes. Each legend must give a concise description of the figure and scheme concerned, together with any essential experimental details not described in the text. In particular, the key to any symbols or distinctive line formats used on the figure must be given.

Note that all figures (drawings, schemes, charts and photographs) should be numbered in one consecutive series of Arabic numerals in the order cited in the text. Figures generated by a laser quality printer or good quality black and white photographs are acceptable. Figures must be large enough for the necessary reduction for printing. Each figure should be numbered in order. Essential half-tone figures, reproduced from the original, will be included at the Editors discretion. Color photographs will be printed at the Editors discretion, on the understanding that the authors will bear the cost.